Which employment laws explicitly prohibit employment discrimination?

The correct answer highlights crucial legislation that addresses discrimination in the workplace. The Equal Pay Act prohibits discrimination based on sex in terms of compensation, ensuring that men and women receive equal pay for performing the same job. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects employees aged 40 and older from being discriminated against on the basis of age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or other terms or conditions of employment.

Both of these laws are foundational in creating a fairer work environment by addressing specific types of discrimination. They serve to enhance equal opportunities in employment, making it clear that discriminatory practices based on gender or age are not permissible.

In contrast, the other options reference laws that may govern aspects of employment—such as workplace safety and leave policies—but do not directly tackle issues of employment discrimination as specified in the question. Thus, while they hold significance in employment law, they do not address the prohibition of discriminatory practices as effectively as the Equal Pay Act and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act do.