Which employees are referred to as "exempt employees" under the FLSA?

Exempt employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) are defined as those who are not entitled to receive overtime pay. This status is primarily determined by the nature of their job duties, responsibilities, and salary level. In order for an employee to qualify as exempt, their role must meet specific criteria outlined by the FLSA, which includes management duties, certain professional roles, or administrative functions.

The classification of exempt employees typically involves evaluating whether the employee's duties involve significant decision-making authority, specialized knowledge, and a typical salary level above a set threshold. Therefore, employees who are not eligible for overtime pay due to their job duties fit into the exempt category, making this the correct answer.

The other choices do not accurately represent the criteria for exempt status under the FLSA. For instance, part-time employees can be either exempt or non-exempt based on their job responsibilities and salary; being under 18 years of age does not automatically confer exempt status; and formal education level is not a determining factor for an employee's exempt status under the FLSA.