What does the term "protected class" refer to in employment law?

The term "protected class" in employment law refers to specific groups of individuals who are shielded from discrimination based on certain characteristics or attributes. These protections are established by various federal, state, and local laws to ensure that individuals are treated fairly and have equal opportunities in the workplace. The characteristics that typically define a protected class include race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and, in some jurisdictions, sexual orientation and gender identity.

This legal protection means that employers cannot make adverse employment decisions—such as hiring or firing—based on an individual's membership in a protected class. The intent is to foster a work environment free of bias and discrimination, promoting inclusion and diversity. Recognizing and understanding the significance of protected classes is essential for employers to comply with anti-discrimination laws and for employees to know their rights in the workplace.